Annemieke Aartsma-Rus

Professor of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center 

Prof. Dr. Annemieke Aartsma-Rus is a professor of Translational Genetics at the Department of Human Genetics of the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC, the Netherlands). She played an important role in the development of antisense mediated exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy starting with her PhD research. In 2020 she co-founded the Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics (DCRT), a non-for-profit academic collaboration aiming to develop clinical treatment with exon skipping therapies for eligible patients with unique mutations. She is currently chair of the scientific advisory board of the N-of-1 collaborative (N1C), a global umbrella organization aiming to facilitate development of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for patients with very rare, eligible mutations.

She has published over 280 peer-reviewed papers, 12 book chapters and 15 patents. She has received multiple awards, most recently, the Norman Saunders Jacob’s Ladder International Research Prize from the Canadian foundation for the control of neurodegenerative diseases and SickKids Toronto in 2024 and the Ammodo Science Award for her contribution to developing exon skipping therapies for Duchenne.

She is Chair of the TREAT-NMD educational committee (TEC), and member of the Board of Directors of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society (President 2019-2021). She was chair of the TREAT-NMD Advisory Committee for Therapeutics (TACT, 2021-2025) and Chair of the advisory board member of the N-of-1 Collaborative.

She is co-editor in chief of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, and serves or served on multiple editorial boards, e.g. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases (associate editor until 2025), Molecular Therapy and Therapeutic Advances in Rare Disease.

Presentation: Developing a personalized antisense oligonucleotide: It takes more than an ASO

With current advances in genetic analyses and genetic therapies more and more patients with genetic diseases receive a diagnosis and for a subset a genetic therapy is available or would in theory be a therapeutic option. However, very often development of such treatments is hampered by the fact that the target treatment population is very small, or even consists of a single individuals. There are now efforts to develop genetic treatments for these nanorare patients.

Developing customized genetic therapies for individuals affected by ultra-rare diseases with actionable pathogenic variants globally, requires breaking new ground in therapeutic and regulatory innovation. The Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics is an academic collaboration of five University Medical Centers that combined forces to develop individualized antisense oligonucleotides for eligible patients with ultrarare, actionable pathogenic variants. In collaboration with international efforts such as the N=1 Collaborative (N1C) and 1 Mutation 1 Medicine, the center works not only on developing the antisense oligonucleotides, but also the infrastructure and ecosystem that is required to make individualized antisense oligonucleotide treatment a reality.

In my talk, I will highlight the current state of the scientific and clinical ecosystems for individualized ASO. Furthermore, I will give an overview of the tools and guidelines developed so far, including guidelines for establishing genetic eligibility, preclinical development and a registry of ongoing efforts and ongoing efforts to establish protocols to good manufacturing for small scale batches of ASOs and safety studies.

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